Neville Chamberlain (1869-1940) was a British politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1937 to 1940. He is best known for his policy of appeasement towards Nazi Germany in the 1930s, which aimed to avoid war by making concessions to Adolf Hitler. Chamberlain's controversial approach culminated in the signing of the Munich Agreement in 1938, where he believed he had secured "peace for our time" by allowing Germany to annex parts of Czechoslovakia.